Curved ⓘThe curved-shank factor (0.90×) is based on DEM simulation, not field-measured fuel. It is directionally supported by the GRDC Ripping Technology Factsheet but should be treated as indicative.
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Winged ⓘThe winged-tyne fuel factor (0.85×) is deliberately conservative. The primary benefit of wings is enabling wider tyne spacing — captured by the spacing guidance — not reducing per-tyne fuel. Wings actually increase per-tyne draught.
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SLT ⓘThe SLT fuel saving (15%) was measured at 330 mm depth on loamy sand at Merredin, WA. At substantially deeper depths (>500 mm) or different soil types, the saving may differ. The 0.85 factor is a central estimate from the 11–15% range in Hamza et al. 2013.
Parker et al 2018 (unpublished) · Hamza et al 2013, Soil Research 51:477–483 · Tong et al 2020, Adv. Manuf. 8:392–404 · GRDC Economics of Deep Ripping factsheet Feb 2024 · GRDC Ripping Technology factsheet Dec 2025